Explain how the three states of matter arise due to variations in the characteristics of the particles.

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Variation in CharacteristicEffect on State of Matter
$(i)$ TemperatureWith an increase in temperature,the solid state melts to form a liquid,and a liquid boils to form a gaseous state.
$(ii)$ PressureWith an increase in pressure,the gaseous state liquefies,and liquids can be compressed further.
$(iii)$ Interparticle spaceThe space between particles is minimal in solids,moderate in liquids,and maximum in gases,determined by temperature and pressure.
$(iv)$ Interparticle forcesStrongest in solids,weaker in liquids,and negligible in gases,which dictates the physical state.
$(v)$ Kinetic energyHigher kinetic energy at higher temperatures leads to the transition from solid to liquid to gas.

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